Sunday, April 28, 2013

Reflection

           

After reading and studying the course materials for EDUC6135 Distance Learning, I have gained new insight and appreciation for online education. In my opinion, distance learning is more rigorous than traditional face-to-face education. There are always assignments that must be completed and deadlines that must be met and it is up to the student to keep abreast of all of this while utilizing the latest technology.

In a taped interview, Siemens (Laureate Education, Inc., 2010) said that advances in technology, increased online communication, and the growing acceptance of online learning will lead to the proliferation of distance education. Online enrollment tripled from 1998 to 2002 and is expected to grow exponentially as more and more students realize the benefits of distance education (Lichtenberg, 2003).

As discussed by Gambescia & Paolucci (2009), distance learning has many benefits which include convenience for highly motivated, proactive learners, learning the efficient use of student time and resources, as well as location and the ability to choose the time of day to study.

While distance learning is a great tool, it is not for everyone. Distance learning will generally work better for those students who realize that they must generate their own motivation to learn and recognize that their learning experience is ultimately their responsibility (Schmidt & Gallegos, 2001).  For those disciplined learners, this is a tremendous educational opportunity that allows greater schedule flexibility and permits access to many more educational institutions than would otherwise be possible. 

As an instructional designer and a student of distance learning, it is my responsibility to be an ambassador of distance education by continuing to model the excellent education I have received and by committing to dismantle the remaining barriers of bias that some still harbor toward online education and the degrees garnered thereof.  



References

Gambescia, S., & Paolucci, R. (2009). Academic fidelity and integrity as attributes of university
online degree program offerings. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 12(1). Retrieved from http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/spring121/gambescia121.html

Laureate Education, Inc. (2010). The Future of Distance Education [online video]. Baltimore, MD. George Siemens. Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_2650920_1%26url%3D

Lichtenberg, J. (2003). Going the Distance. Publishers Weekly, 248(26), 37.

Schmidt, E., & Gallegos, A. (2001). Distance learning: Issues and concerns of distance learners.
Journal of Industrial Technology, 17(3).
Retrieved from http://atmae.org/jit/Articles/schmidt041801.pdf

Saturday, April 20, 2013

Converting to a Distance Learning Format


This week as an instructional designer, I have been hired to help the training manager, Jim Foley at Weldon Manufacturing convert all of his training modules to a blended learning format.  The catalyst behind the conversion is a lack of quality communication in the face-to-face training sessions. The goal is to help create a dynamic synergy between the trainers and trainees while fostering interaction with the training materials in both a face-to-face as well as the online learning environment.

With the aforementioned scenario in mind, I have created the following action plan which I will communicate to the training manager by week’s end:


Good Moring Jim,

After visiting with you last week and gaining a better understanding of your situation, I believe that working together we can achieve the transformation of your training program from the traditional face-to-face training to a blended format which historically has been well received by trainees. Throughout this plan I have cited works from other professionals in the field of instructional design. This is to provide you with additional resources and to facilitate the implementation process for both yourself and your trainers.

Of course the most important aspect to keep in mind when attempting to affect change is the significance of communication. It is imperative that trainees be provided with clearly stated objectives before training commences. Clear, concise instructions are mandatory as are clearly defined course expectations if the trainees are to be successful (Durrington, Berryhill, & Swafford, 2006).  

As the training manager, you should consider communicating to your trainers that with this new training format, the responsibility of learning has shifted. Since trainees are being given access to the training materials and the trainers are now functioning more in the capacity of facilitators, the trainees themselves will be responsible for their own learning. They must take the initiative to interact with the training and communicate to the trainers (Simonson, Smaldino, Albright, & Zvacek, 2012).

You have conveyed to me that you wish to convert all your paper documents to electronic files to be placed on your company server and then destroy the paper files for both inventory reduction and security concerns. I must advise against this as there are special circumstances to consider when there is sole reliance on electronic files. Electronic media can be subject to loss through a variety of ways: file corruption, viruses, loss due to power surges, etc. (Arndt, & Porges, 2012).

If reduction of inventory is an absolute necessity, I would suggest that after all paper documents have been converted to electronic files, an online repository be considered. This will provide a backup copy of all files from an alternate site should the originals become corrupted or destroyed.  Once the backup has been made, all electronic files can then be loaded on your server for accessibility by the trainees. This essentially allows access to training 24/7 and in some cases this accessibility eliminates the presence of trainers. Online learning can now be accomplished at the convenience of the trainee. Understand that even in today’s world of modern technology, things can still go awry. Sometimes servers need maintenance and must be taken offline. In times such as these, reverting back to short face-to-face lessons will keep the trainees engaged with the class and allow timely submission of assignments (Macfarlane & Smaldino, 1997).

When the trainers address the class, I suggest the utilization of open ended questions and liberal use of trainee names which confirms this training as community learning and establishes deeper connections to both the material and other trainees as well. I have included in the lesson plans several collaborative projects as a means to help foster classroom relationships which also provides positive stimulus for the reluctant online trainee (Simonson, Smaldino, Albright, & Zvacek, 2012).

At various stages throughout the training, I have included placement for assorted quizzes and tests that will indicate learner progress and signal areas of need to be addressed (Gay & Lentini, 1995). Training records will be kept in order to monitor individual progress. A minimum passing score of at least 80% must be achieved on each test prior to a trainee moving to a more advanced training module (see example table below).

Training Module 1
Student Name
Quiz 1 Score
Quiz 2 Score
Test 1 Score
Test 2 Score
Final Exam Score

Hunter Green

90

96

76

88

92






Phase 1 Proficiency

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes







Attempt 2



94








Phase 1 Proficiency



Yes


                                                                                                                            Student Scores and Proficiency Table

We will continue to work together to ensure that all phases of the training plan are implemented successfully. After implementation, we will survey the trainees to see what worked and what areas are in need of improvements (Lockee, Moore, & Burton 2002). After this initial evaluation, we will revise the training plan where needed and strive to continually improve the training process at Weldon Manufacturing.

Thank you for the opportunity to work with you and your organization. It has been my pleasure getting to know you and your training processes. Should you run into any unscheduled difficulties, the staff and I here at Instructional Design are just a phone call away. 

Very Respectfully,


Keith Williams
President, Instructional Design
4041 Roosevelt Way
Lawton, OK. 73505
(580) 555-1212



References

Arndt, R. Z., & Porges, S. (2012). Preventing Data-Loss Disaster. Popular Mechanics, 189(10), 80-84.

Durrington, V., Berryhill, A., & Swafford, J. (2006). Strategies for enhancing student interactivity in an online environment. College Teaching, 54(1), 190–193. Retrieved from http://www.redorbit.com/news/technology/433631/strategies_for_enhancing_student_interactivity_in_an_online_environment/

Gay, G., & Lentini, M. (1995). Communication resource use in a networked collaborative design environment. Ithaca, NY: Interactive Multimedia Group.

Lockee, B., Moore, M., & Burton, J. (2002). Measuring success: Evaluation strategies for distance education. Educause Quarterly, 25(1).

Macfarlane, C., & Smaldino, S. (1997). The electronic classroom at a distance. In R. Rittenhouse & D. Spillers (Eds.), Modernizing the curriculum: The electronic classroom (pp. 171-195). Springfield, MO: Charles Thomas.

Simonson, M., Smaldino, S., Albright, M., & Zvacek, S. (2012). Teaching and learning at a distance: foundations of distance education (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Friday, April 5, 2013

The Impact of Open Source


Today’s distance learners have many resources available to them, with some of the most useful being open course websites, most commonly referred to as OpenCourseWare.  So what is OpenCourseWare you ask? OpenCourseWare is a compilation of free lessons usually created by a university and placed on the Internet for use by all. Usually these courses do not generate college credits, but are taken for the general acquisition of knowledge, and as the name implies this instruction is made available free of charge.  According to MIT’s Professor Yue (2013), “The idea is simple: to publish all of our course materials online and make them widely available to everyone.”

This week when exploring the website hosted by MIT, (http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm) I found that
there have been over 125 million visitors that have access to information on over 2000 courses -
all for free! From the many listed courses, I selected a course that interested me and was quickly
redirected to the course  management system for that class.

The information contained on the course management page was abundant and easily accessible.
The CMS used a variety of learning tactics such as graphics, videos, and links. Following the
Theory of Independent Study, students are able to access the course whenever they choose and
have the ability to stop and start the course at their own pace (Weidemeyer, 1981).

The course was well organized with components such as syllabus, calendar, and detailed assignments and others readily accessible for the benefit of the learner (Simonson, Smaldino, Albright, & Zvacek, 2012).This fairly new method of instruction could not have been accomplished without the modern technology we are accustomed to today. Peters Theory of Industrialization of Teaching (1988) reminds us that education is gradually being restructured through mechanization and automation. OpenCourseWare classes offer a convenient means to gather and disseminate knowledge. This online medium affords the designer the opportunity to customize content while allowing the learner to select various levels of interaction (Beldarrain, 2006).

References

Beldarrain, Y. (2006). Distance education trends: Integrating new technologies to foster student interaction and collaboration. Distance Education, 27(2), 139–153.

Peters, O. (1988). Distance teaching and industrial production: A comparative interpretation in outline. In D. Stewart, D. Keegan, & B. Holmberg (Eds.), Distance education: International perspectives (pp.95-113). New York: Rutledge.

Simonson, M., Smaldino, S., Albright, M., & Zvacek, S. (2012). Teaching and learning at a distance: Foundations of distance education (5th ed.) Boston, MA: Pearson.

Wedemeyer, C. (1981). Learning at the backdoor. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Yue, Dick K.P.  Professor, MIT School of Engineering. Accessed April 05, 2013. Retrieved from  http://ocw.mit.edu/about/